PubMed

We actively considered contamination as the source of the sequences we obtained since these viruses may be common in the environment. However, we believe that contamination is rendered unlikely by the fact that, in many cases, we were able to document the presence of DNA homologous to ATCV-1 by 2 independent methods, library generation and quantitative PCR. In the quantitative PCR the reagent controls gave consistently negative results. We also believe that the plausibility of our findings in humans is supported by the mouse experiments presented in the publication.

I would ligke to know if it is possible to modify the last name of an autor in a publication such this one. The first author is "Lefort H". It's seem that Elsevier has send three times an email to pubmed, so did I... and no modification yet. Thank you for your lights.

I want to appoint that this article is written by me /Ivan Petkovic/not by the author that is written here /Karabel M./I dont understand how is it possible to make such a mistake. Please make the correction of this mistake. This article can be found on the original site of the TJH, Google scholar

An interesting paper about the transfer of the dicot immune receptor EFR into the monocot crop rice. The authors demonstrate full functionality of the immune receptor in rice and its ability to contribute to bacterial immunity. For readers interested in the topic I would suggest to also read up on the following pre-print EFR in rice leads to ligand dependent activation of immune responses, which was posted June 11th 2014 well before initial submission of this manuscript. We regret that the author's did not cite our pre-print in their here presented work.

Higher SIDS rates in winter are not related to indoor or outdoor sources of PM2.5 (particles with aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 microns) because Hawaii with minimal (if any) seasonal variation has a SIDS maximum rate in the winter which is related to the ARI/RSV virus brought to Hawaii by the tourists from the mainland and Japan that maximizes there in the winter. The only known PM2.5 component associated with SIDS is tobacco smoke associated with parental smoking both during pregnancy and during the first year of life and that has no seasonal variation (PMID 15483306).

Note that protein targets and ligands from the PDF or the HTML are hyperlinked to http://www.guidetopharmacology.org

This paper has been retracted: http://retractionwatch.com/2014/10/29/structure-error-sinks-nih-mit-snu-peptide-paper/

The first author of this paper, which was retracted in 2007, was found by the Office of Research Integrity to have falsely manipulated images: http://retractionwatch.com/2014/10/31/former-nih-lab-director-faked-findings-in-three-papers-ori/

The first author of this paper, which was retracted in 2007, was found by the Office of Research Integrity to have falsely manipulated images: http://retractionwatch.com/2014/10/31/former-nih-lab-director-faked-findings-in-three-papers-ori/

This is a nice, and elegant study which reiterates the potential effects of the av fistula creation on cardiac remodeling. However, given the survival benefit with AVF (as compared to central venous catheters) these results should be interpreted with caution. Another confounding factor perhaps not considered in this study is the effect of worsening kidney function over time: over the 6 months of study, the kidney function of some of these patients would have worsened, and in some cases accompanied by salt and water retention - or worsening hypertension. It would have been helpful to present these details (and/or control for them). Indeed, the absence of controls (i.e. patients who may not have had an AVF created) is a significant limitation. Lastly, the authors do not cite previous work from our group which used echocardiograms (and not CMR), with slightly greater numbers and longer follow up.

This study was discussed on Oct 7th 2014 in the open online nephrology journal club, #NephJC, on twitter. Introductory comments are available at the NephJC website and cross-posted at the eAJKD blog. It was a great discussion, with more than 20 participants, including nephrologists, urologists and emergency medicine physicians. A transcript and a curated (i.e. Storified) version of the tweetchat are available from the NephJC website. A summary is also posted on the eAJKD blog. The highlights of the tweetchat were:

• The investigators and the funding agency (AHRQ) should be commended for designing and funding this pragmatic trial to answer a key diagnostic question

• There was broad agreement about the validity of the results, suggesting that an ultrasound should be performed first in case of suspected kidney stones; however, many participants look forward to more data being published, on patient characteristics that predicted subsequent CT scan use and details of the economic analysis

• A concern was raised about the availability of point-of-care ultrasound in emergency departments, and the expertise and/or experience necessary to do these. It was recognized that this expertise is indeed rapidly becoming the standard for emergency room physicians

Interested individuals can track and join in the conversation by following @NephJC or #NephJC, or visit the webpage at NephJC.com.

This systematic review, along with its accompanying review was discussed on Oct 21st 2014 in the open online nephrology journal club, #NephJC, on twitter. Introductory comments are available at the NephJC website. It was a great discussion, with more than 20 participants, including nephrologists, cardiologists and residents/fellows from different specialties. A transcript and a curated (i.e. Storified) version of the tweetchat are available from the NephJC website. The highlights of the tweetchat were:

• The investigators and the funding agency (AHRQ) should be commended for attempting to answer these important questions about the role of troponins in patients with chronic kidney disease.

• Most participants rely on a rise in troponin levels to help diagnose acute coronary syndrome in CKD patients, and were disappointed that no evidence was found to support (or refute) this practice.

• The adverse prognostic implications of higher troponin levels, especially in asymptomatic CKD patients was thought to be quite concerning and was the subject of much discussion, with many possible therapeutic management options being raised.

Overall, these reviews answered a few questions, but also brought out many areas where further research needs to be focused. Interested individuals can track and join in the conversation by following @NephJC or #NephJC, or visit the webpage at NephJC.com.

Retracted: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25165777

The ABS does not recommend that the CTV be defined as prostate only. The consensus guidelines specify a target volume margin of 5 mm in all directions about the prostate except posteriorly. Refer to the second paragraph on page 10 of the paper by BJ Davis et al., "American Brachytherapy Society consensus guidelines for transrectal ultrasound-guided permanent prostate brachytherapy." Brachytherapy, 11:6-19, 2012.

Thank you for the positive comments regarding the study.

Lesotho is a different country, with different demographics and burden of disease and a different healthcare system with differences in accessibility, availability of services and referral protocols. It would thus not make sense to combine the data.

I don't think that the calculation of confidence intervals would be a valid statistical test since the study was not based on a population samples but on entire populations. While the incidences calculated are an underestimate, the calculation of confidence intervals would not assist in determining the degree to which the incidence is underestimated.

One of the major concerns about the data in this paper is the prior probability of the results reflecting the truth. Antineoplastons have no scientific basis better than homeopathy or psychic surgery. Hence, the prior probability associated with the results of this paper should be so small that a bayesian correction of its estimates (by the way, they were not even reported!) must invalidate its results. Try again (actually, don't!).

The many technical flaws in this article should be obvious to the educated reader, but I can summarize the most prominent ones for the sake of helping the eventual reader of scientific papers. 1. Diagnostic criteria: even though there is no clear cut criteria listed for DIPG, there is a common set of characteristics for defining it. As the acronym implies, it should be DIFFUSE, meaning no evident boundaries between the lesion and surrounding brain tissue. Also, it has to be INTRINSIC, meaning it should be completely embedded in pons, with no main exophytic or extra-axial portion. Other commonly recognized features include little or no contrast enhancement of the lesion and location on the ventral aspect of pons. For my astonishment, figure 2 depicts a mesencephalic focal tumor with cystic areas, typical of a low grade glioma with good prognosis, whereas figure 3 shows an upper pons, lower mesencephalon focal, highly enhancing lesion. 2. Accrual time: why it was so long? What happened to the patients diagnosed between 1994 and 2003? This is not a trivial question. We know that DIPG comprises 15-20% of all pediatric brain tumors, so there should be a regular registration of new patients in the trial. Around 3-5% of DIPG patients show longer survival, and duration of symptoms before diagnosis and patient age are strong factors influencing survival. This patient series seems to be enriched in older patients and longer pre-diagnostic symptom duration, both factors associated with better survival. This strongly indicates a bias, and one could imagine if there was some intentional selection of patients. 3. Evaluation: once there is irregular contrast enhancement by DIPG lesions, it is simply wrong to evaluate response by measuring it. Period. Hence, no result pertaining response evaluation should be trusted in this paper. 4. Prior treatment: patients with more than one previous chemotherapy treatment should raise suspicion, because tipically DIPG patients do not survive beyond the first progression. So, a second and even a third progression seems highly unlikely. 5. Survival data: there is no median survival time reported, and the graph difficults its visual inspection. However, it probably lies before 6 months, once survival was less than 30% at one year. The lack of confidence intervals make it hard to define if this survival time reflects reality. The best estimate on literature (upper bound) is around 5 months in patients that have done radiotherapy after progression. So, where is the point? 6. Title: there is no such thing as a 'recurrent DIPG', once there are no complete responses to treatment for this disease. It should refer to 'progressive DIPG'. However, this is such a small detail when compared to the many flaws of this article that it is almost worthless to mention.

Elder and Bishop [1] express uncertainty in the role of vitamin D and rickets in unexplained fractures during infancy that can potentially mimic abuse but misquote a key finding of Chapman et al. [2]. Contrary to their claim that multiple fractures were unreported in rickets, the Chapman study actually reported more multiple fractures (n=5) than solitary injuries (n=2). Since skeletal surveys were only done in 25% of patients, additional subclinical insufficiency fractures could have been missed in that series. Even though multiple fractures in rickets are historically established, particularly in preterm infants, a recent family court decision reminds us that a comprehensive evaluation is still sometimes not performed and evidence ignored [3].

Cohen et al. [4] demonstrated histological rickets in 87% of infants dying <1 year of age yet rarely detected clinically or radiologically prior to death, a finding reaffirmed in several historical autopsy studies. Therefore, Elder and Bishop’s claim of no association between vitamin D deficiency and fractures in the “absence of rickets” is meaningless without histological confirmation.

Therefore, we do not believe there is a basis to dismiss rickets in infants based upon biochemical testing or radiography alone. Histological healing may lag biochemical and radiological recovery. Additionally, Wharton and Bishop have previously stated that early infantile rickets is difficult to detect radiographically [5]. Comparing radiology with histology when possible will help to understand the accuracy and limitations of imaging and allow for recognition of subclinical and lesser known forms of this disease.

1) Elder CJ, Bishop NJ. Rickets. Lancet. 2014 Jan 9. pii: S0140-6736(13)61650-5. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61650-5. 2) Chapman T, Sugar N, Done S, et al. Fractures in infants and toddlers with rickets. Pediatr Radiol 2010;40:1184-1189. 3) London Borough of Islington v. Chana Al-Alas, Rohan Wray, Jayda Faith Al-Alas Wray. Neutral Citation Number: [2012] EWHC 865 (Fam)http://www.judiciary.gov.uk/media/judgments/2012/lb-islington-al-alas-wray-judgment-19042012 4) Cohen MC, Offiah A, Sprigg A, Al-Adnani M. Vitamin D deficiency and sudden unexpected death in infancy and childhood: a cohort study. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2013;16:292-300. 5) Wharton B, Bishop N. Rickets. Lancet 2003;362:1389-400.