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EU Version: Organic Farmers Pay the Price for Contamination

EU Version: Organic Farmers Pay the Price for Contamination

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Published by Food and Water Watch
Until genetically engineered crops (also described as GMOs) were introduced as a production method for U.S. farmers, "coexistence" between different sectors of agriculture was a fairly simple prospect. Today, the ability of organic, non-GMO or identity-preserved production to coexist with GMO production is in question.
Until genetically engineered crops (also described as GMOs) were introduced as a production method for U.S. farmers, "coexistence" between different sectors of agriculture was a fairly simple prospect. Today, the ability of organic, non-GMO or identity-preserved production to coexist with GMO production is in question.

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Published by: Food and Water Watch on May 06, 2014
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07/17/2014

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    
U
ntil genetically engineered crops (also described as GMOs) were introduced as a production method for U.S. farmers, “coexistence” between different sectors of agriculture was a fairly simple prospect. Today, the ability of organic, non-GMO or identity-preserved production to coexist with GMO production is in question.
GMO crops became commercially available in he Unied Saes in 1996 and now consiue he vas majoriy o corn, coton and soybean crops grown in he counry.
1
 U.S. GMO culivaion grew rapidly rom only 7 percen o soybean acres and 1 percen o corn acres in 1996, o 93 percen o soybean and 90 percen o corn acres in 2013.
2
 Ceriiable organic crops canno be grown rom GMO seeds.The hrea and acual occurrence o conaminaion o non-GMO crops by GMO crops harms many paricipans in markes where no deecable GMO presence is required or expeced, including organic and non-GMO (ofen described as “ideniy preserved”). The opic o coexisence becomes even more complicaed because organic and non-GMO armers are aking a variey o precauionary measures o ry o proec hemselves rom conaminaion and mainain heir abiliy o sell ino speciic markes, while GMO growers are no speciically required o miigae he risk o conaminaion. Food & Waer Wach, he Washingon, D.C.-based paren or-ganisaion o Food & Waer Europe, parnered wih he Or-ganic Farmers’ Agency or Relaionship Markeing (OFARM) o survey organic grain producers on prevenaive measures ha hey use o avoid GMO conaminaion and he inancial losses associaed wih conaminaion.Survey indings include:
        
non-GMO crop producion could coexis.
        
enough o proec organic and non-GMO armers rom conaminaion.
        
GMO conaminaion impacing heir arm, wih 60 per-cen saying ha hey were exremely concerned.
        
GMO conaminaion on heir arm. O hose conamina-
ORGANIC FARMERS PAY THE PRICE FOR
GMO CONTAMINATION
 
2
ed armers, over hal have been rejeced by heir buyers or ha reason. They repored a median cos o a rejeced semi load (approximaely 1,000 bushels, or around 25 meric ons o maize) o US$4,500 (€3,240).
       
crop insurance unless legally required o do so o cover losses associaed wih GMO conaminaion. And o hose who would purchase insurance, hree ou o our repored ha GMO paen holders, GMO users or boh o hose eniies should bear he liabiliy burden or any economic loss associaed wih GMO conaminaion.The resuls o his survey reveal ha he risks and he effecs o GMO conaminaion have unairly burdened organic and non-GMO armers wih exra work, longer hours and inan-cial insecuriy, which has led o general scepicism abou coexisence wihin he organic communiy. The U.S. Deparmen o Agriculure’s ocus on coexisence is misplaced. Recommendaions by a USDA panel, he Advisory Commitee on Bioechnology and 21s Cenury Agriculure, ail o poin he deparmen in he righ direcion. The AC21 commitee claimed ha here is insufficien daa o deer-mine i conaminaion is occurring. And he commitee’s approach o responding o conaminaion was based on crop insurance purchased by organic and non-GMO crop produc-ers, while is approach or prevening conaminaion relied on encouraging GMO crop producers o use good seward-ship pracices and o communicae wih heir neighbors. These approaches are inadequae and, as he resuls o his survey indicae, are unaccepable o mos organic producers.Insead o an exended discussion o coexisence, he USDA mus recognise he harm ha is already being done o or-ganic and non-GMO armers and prioriise ways o preven conaminaion. Insead o seeking o weaken GMO regulaion, European de-cision makers should ensure ha he growing, lucraive non-GMO and organic markes are proeced rom he economic damage o GMO conaminaion.Food & Waer Wach and OFARM recommend ha:
       
should be held accounable or all losses associaed wih GMO conaminaion and pay ino a compensaion und o help armers recover he ull coss o heir economic hardship caused by conaminaion.
       
-ship requiremens or GMO crop producion o ensure ha responsibiliy or prevening conaminaion is shared, raher han resing solely on organic and non-GMO pro-ducers. These requiremens should include buffer zones or GMO crop ields ha adjoin organic and non-GMO crop ields o reduce GMO and chemical drif. This is especially imporan in ligh o he pending approval o crops engineered o olerae herbicides such as 2,4-D ha are prone o drif.
      
-ing and analysing incidences o conaminaion and as-sociaed economic losses a all levels o he supply chain.
       
-sion service o help educae GMO, non-GMO and organic armers abou his escalaing problem and how o bes avoid conaminaion problems.
        
-sionmakers ensure ha ull, robus coexisence regulaion is enaced and enorced.
       
o GMO conaminaion in oher counries and he re-suling “adveniious presence” in EU impors does no coninue o be an excuse o lever unwaned, poorly esed GMOs ino he European ood sysem in he orm o ol-erance hresholds in ood or eed.
      
GMO crops ha cause such conaminaion as a reason o rush GMO decision making, European auhoriies should insis ha all impors conain only GMOs ha have been auhorised under he ull EU approval process.
 
3
Introduction
In 2011, he U.S. Deparmen o Agriculure convened he Advisory Commitee on Bioechnology and 21s Cenury Agriculure (AC21) o address he issue o he easibiliy o coexisence in agriculure. Heavily weighed wih bioech proponens, he commitee gahered or a series o meeings in 2011 and 2012 wih he ask o esablishing a proocol or coexisence and designing a compensaion mechanism or armers ha are economically harmed by conaminaion rom GMO crops.
3
Unorunaely, he commitee was unable o esimae he coss associaed wih GMO presence on non-GMO and or-ganic arms due o a lack o daa. Their inal suggesion or a compensaion mechanism was a orm o crop insurance ha included, in one proposal, a premium o be paid by producers o non-GMO crops.
4
 The inancial burden associaed wih conaminaion and effors o preven conaminaion are signiican. Some o he coss o armers rom conaminaion include loss o access o markes ha require no GMO presence, and long-erm invesmens associaed wih producing a crop inended or a non-GMO or organic marke, such as organic ceriicaion.
Methodology
In an effor o ill he daa gap ha was used o jusiy an in-adequae policy recommendaion by he AC21, Food & Wa-er Wach, he Washingon, D.C.-based paren organisaion o Food & Waer Europe, and OFARM gahered inormaion rom organic producers and co-op managers on coexisence and GMO conaminaion. We sen a survey o 1,500 armers, ideniied as ceriied organic ield crop producers. Many o hese producers use he markeing assisance services o he OFARM member co-ops. The survey atemped o quan-iy some o he coss associaed wih prevenive measures aken by armers o keep GMO presence off heir arm, he inancial burden o arm-level GMO presence and how GMO presence affecs co-op managers.Ou o he 1,500 surveys sen ou, 87 were sen back or various reasons. O he 1,413 remaining, we received a 19 percen response rae o 268 responses. Farmers who parici-paed in he survey hail rom 17 saes, predominanly in he Midwes, and grow a wide variey o organic specialy crops and organic ield crops.
GMO Crops Are a Major Obstacle to Coexistence
Because using GMO seeds is an excluded mehod under he USDA’s organic sandards, organic armers are responsible or making cerain ha hey do no grow geneically engi-neered crops.
5
 Wih he prolieraion o hese crops, however, coexisence beween organic, non-GMO and GMO armers has become more and more difficul, due o he poenial
Do you think good stewardship is enough to protect organic/non-GMO farmers from unintended GMO contamination?
Inadequate (31%)Very inadequate (37%)Blank (1%)Very adequate (4%)Adequate (15%)Neutral (13%)
How concerned are you about GMO
   
Very concerned (59%)Concerned (25%)Neutral (6%)Not concerned (6%)Not concernedat all (4%)Blank (0.4%)
Paths of Contamination
  
Gene low is a naural process ha osers biologi-cal diversiy in a plan populaion by shuffling geneic inormaion rom he pollen or seeds o closely relaed individuals.
7
 In crops o he same species, GMO crops can “oucross” or “cross-pollinae” non-GMO crops hrough wind dispersal or pollinaors.
8
 Some sel-pol-linaing crops can sill be cross-pollinaed, like canola, which can oucross wih nearby plans up o a requency o 55 percen.
9
 
Afer a crop is harvesed, here are several seps during which GMO and non-GMO seeds or grains can become mixed. This can happen during handling or ranspor i ma-chinery is no properly cleaned, or due o a qualiy-conrol ailure or human error during sorage or processing.
10
 

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