This map uses a satellite image acquired in March 2014 (provided by Digital Globe) as a base to show the area around the front of the June 27th lava flow. The area of the flow on October 28, 2014, at 1:00 PM is shown in pink, while widening and advancement of the flow as mapped on October 29 at 11:30 AM is shown in red. The dotted blue lines show steepest-descent paths in the area, calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM).

The flow advanced about 170 meters (185 yards) during the preceding 22.5 hours, traveling through private property. The flow was 215 meters (235 yd) upslope from Pāhoa Village Road at the time of mapping. A crudely mapped finger was also active just outside the same private property along the north side of the flow.

Flow inflation over the past several days has lifted the flow surface higher than the old cane field berm just upslope from Apaʻa Street. Two new breakouts from along the north edge of the flow started yesterday and overtopped the berm. Though not large, the more vigorous of the two breakouts was following the previously projected steepest-descent path that passes just east of the transfer station.

Steepest-descent path analysis is based on the assumption that the DEM perfectly represents the earth's surface. DEMs, however, are not perfect, so the dotted blue lines can be used to infer only approximate flow paths. For calculation details, see http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/. (see large map)

This small-scale map shows the June 27th lava flow in Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone in relation to lower Puna. The area of the flow on October 24, 2014, at 12:10 PM is shown in pink, while widening and advancement of the flow as mapped on October 29 at 11:30 AM is shown in red. The latitude and longitude of the front of the narrow finger of lava advancing toward Pāhoa was 19.49544, -154.95292 (Decimal Degrees; WGS84). All older Puʻu ʻŌʻō lava flows (1983–2014) are shown in gray; the yellow line marks the active lava tube.

The blue lines show steepest-descent paths calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM; for calculation details, see http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/). Steepest-descent path analysis is based on the assumption that the DEM perfectly represents the earth's surface. DEMs, however, are not perfect, so the blue lines on this map can be used to infer only approximate flow paths. (see large map)

This large-scale map shows the distal part of the June 27th flow in relation to nearby Puna communities. The area of the flow on October 24, 2014, at 12:10 PM is shown in pink, while widening and advancement of the flow as mapped on October 29 at 11:30 AM is shown in red. Surface activity today was scattered from the flow front to about 4 kilometers (2.5 miles) upslope, where breakouts have been persisted for several weeks across the surface and along the sides of the flow field, before it necks down into the finger now advancing toward Pāhoa Village Road. A few other breakouts were active farther upslope, west of Kaohe Homesteads, and a single small breakout was active on the flow field about 5 kilometers (3 miles) downslope from the vent.

The blue lines show steepest-descent paths calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM; for calculation details, see http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/). Steepest-descent path analysis is based on the assumption that the DEM perfectly represents the earth's surface. DEMs, however, are not perfect, so the blue lines on this map can be used to infer only approximate flow paths. (see large map)

This map uses a satellite image acquired in March 2014 (provided by Digital Globe) as a base to show the area around the front of the June 27th lava flow. The area of the flow on October 24, 2014, at 12:10 PM is shown in pink, while widening and advancement of the flow as mapped on October 29 at 11:30 AM is shown in red.

The front of the June 27th flow continues to advance as a narrow finger, and was 215 meters (235 yards) upslope from Pāhoa Village Road at the time of mapping. The flow front was up about 50 meters (55 yards) wide, but was much narrower in some areas where its width was confined by topography and obstacles. (see large map)

This map uses a satellite image acquired in March 2014 (provided by Digital Globe) as a base to show the area around the front of the June 27th lava flow. The area of the flow on October 27, 2014, at 11:30 PM is shown in pink, while widening and advancement of the flow as mapped on October 28 at 1:00 PM is shown in red. The mapping today was focused on the immediate flow front region, and did not cover the western margin of the flow near Apaʻa St. (see marked margin). Also, another lobe upslope of Cemetery Rd. is not shown in this map, but it only advanced about 30 m (33 yards) over the past day. The dotted blue lines show steepest-descent paths in the area, calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM).

The flow advanced about 150 meters (164 yards) between these two mapping times, and was advancing through private property this afternoon. At the time of mapping (1 PM), the flow was 390 meters (430 yards) directly upslope from Pāhoa Village Road. The latitude and longitude of the front as of 1 PM was 19.49412, -154.95378 (Decimal Degrees; WGS84). Though not shown on this map, the flow front advanced an additional 70 meters (77 yards) by 5:30 PM.

Steepest-descent path analysis is based on the assumption that the DEM perfectly represents the earth's surface. DEMs, however, are not perfect, so the dotted blue lines can be used to infer only approximate flow paths. For calculation details, see http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/. (see large map)

This map uses a satellite image acquired in March 2014 (provided by Digital Globe) as a base to show the area around the front of the June 27th lava flow. The area of the flow on October 26, 2014, at 12:30 PM is shown in pink, while widening and advancement of the flow as mapped on October 27 at 11:30 AM is shown in red. The dotted blue lines show steepest-descent paths in the area, calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM).

The flow advanced about 180 meters (200 yards) during the preceding 23 hours, and reached thick vegetation beyond the northeast edge of the lush pasture that the flow had been traversing. At the time of mapping, the flow was 540 meters (590 yards) directly upslope from Pāhoa Village Road. The latitude and longitude of the front of the narrow finger of lava advancing toward Pāhoa was 19.49307, -154.95469 (Decimal Degrees; WGS84). Though not shown on this map, the flow advanced an additional 30 meters (33 yards) by 4:30 PM.

Steepest-descent path analysis is based on the assumption that the DEM perfectly represents the earth's surface. DEMs, however, are not perfect, so the dotted blue lines can be used to infer only approximate flow paths. For calculation details, see http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/. (see large map)

This map uses a satellite image acquired in March 2014 (provided by Digital Globe) as a base to show the area around the front of the June 27th lava flow. The area of the flow on October 25, 2014, at 5:00 PM is shown in pink, while widening and advancement of the flow as mapped on October 26 at 12:30 PM is shown in red. The dotted blue lines show steepest-descent paths in the area, calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM). The latitude and longitude of the front of the narrow finger of lava advancing toward Pāhoa was 19.492276, -154.956200 (Decimal Degrees; WGS84).

The flow advanced about 190 meters (210 yards) during the preceding 19.5 hours, traveling completely through the cemetery above Pāhoa. At the time of mapping, the flow was 715 meters (780 yards) directly upslope from Pāhoa Village Road. The flow was advancing downslope between two intersecting steepest-descent paths and was trending toward the southern one. The flow will likely return to the original steepest-descent path about 300 m (330 yd) upslope from Pāhoa Village Road, if it continues.

Steepest-descent path analysis is based on the assumption that the DEM perfectly represents the earth's surface. DEMs, however, are not perfect, so the dotted blue lines can be used to infer only approximate flow paths. For calculation details, see http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/. (see large map)

This map uses a satellite image acquired in March 2014 (provided by Digital Globe) as a base to show the area around the front of the June 27th lava flow. The area of the flow on October 24, 2014, at 12:10 PM is shown in pink, while widening and advancement of the flow as mapped on October 25 at 5:00 PM is shown in red. The dotted blue lines show the pertinent steepest-descent paths, calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM).

The flow advanced about 315 m (345 yd) during the past 29 hours, crossing Apaʻa Street/Cemetery Road at about 3:50 AM this morning, and was about 80 m (260 ft) from the Pāhoa Cemetery at 5 PM. The flow was deflected away from the steepest-descent line it had been generally following, and toward the cemetery, by an old man-made cane-field berm just above Apaʻa Street. The flow is advancing downslope between two intersecting steepest-descent paths and will likely return to the original steepest-descent path about 300 m (330 yd) upslope from Pāhoa Village Road, if it continues.

Steepest-descent path analysis is based on the assumption that the DEM perfectly represents the earth's surface. DEMs, however, are not perfect, so the dotted blue lines can be used to infer only approximate flow paths. For calculation details, see http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/. (see large map)

This small-scale map shows the June 27th lava flow in Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone in relation to lower Puna. The area of the flow on October 22, 2014, at 1:50 PM is shown in pink, while widening and advancement of the flow as mapped on October 24 at 12:10 PM is shown in red. The latitude and longitude of the front of the narrow finger of lava advancing toward Pāhoa was 19.48901, -154.95947 (Decimal Degrees; WGS84). All older Puʻu ʻŌʻō lava flows (1983–2014) are shown in gray; the yellow line marks the lava tube.

The blue lines show steepest-descent paths calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM; for calculation details, see http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/). Steepest-descent path analysis is based on the assumption that the DEM perfectly represents the earth's surface. DEMs, however, are not perfect, so the blue lines on this map can be used to infer only approximate flow paths. (see large map)

This large-scale map shows the distal part of the June 27th flow in relation to nearby Puna communities. The area of the flow on October 22, 2014, at 1:50 PM is shown in pink, while widening and advancement of the flow as mapped on October 24 at 12:10 PM is shown in red. Surface activity was mostly focused along the narrow finger of lava advancing toward Pāhoa, but other breakouts remain active up to about 3 km (2 miles) upslope from the tip of the flow. Persistent breakouts near where lava first enters ground cracks are no longer active.

The blue lines show steepest-descent paths calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM; for calculation details, see http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/). Steepest-descent path analysis is based on the assumption that the DEM perfectly represents the earth's surface. DEMs, however, are not perfect, so the blue lines on this map can be used to infer only approximate flow paths. (see large map)

This map uses a satellite image acquired in March 2014 (provided by Digital Globe) as a base to show the area around the front of the June 27th lava flow. The area of the flow on October 22, 2014, at 1:50 PM is shown in pink, while widening and advancement of the flow as mapped on October 24 at 12:10 PM is shown in red.

The front of the June 27th flow continues to advance as a narrow finger, and was 150 m (165 yd) upslope from Apaʻa Street at the time of mapping. The flow front was about 50 m (55 yd) wide and moving at a rate of about 10 m (33 ft) per hour through the morning. A slightly broader and slower-moving lobe splits off from the southeast edge of the finger about 300 m (330 yd) back from the front, and it was about 250 m (275 yd) from Apaʻa Street.

The dotted blue lines show the pertinent steepest-descent paths, calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM; for calculation details, see http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/). Steepest-descent path analysis is based on the assumption that the DEM perfectly represents the earth's surface. DEMs, however, are not perfect, so the dotted blue line can be used to infer only an approximate flow path. (see large map)

This small-scale map shows the June 27th lava flow in Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone in relation to lower Puna. The area of the flow on October 20, 2014, at 1:00 PM is shown in pink, while widening and advancement of the flow as mapped on October 22 at 1:50 PM is shown in red. The latitude and longitude of the flow front was 19.48343, -154.96314 (Decimal Degrees; WGS84). All older Puʻu ʻŌʻō lava flows (1983–2014) are shown in gray; the yellow line marks the lava tube.

The blue lines show steepest-descent paths calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM; for calculation details, see http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/). Steepest-descent path analysis is based on the assumption that the DEM perfectly represents the earth's surface. DEMs, however, are not perfect, so the blue lines on this map can be used to infer only approximate flow paths. (see large map)

This large-scale map shows the distal part of the June 27th flow in relation to nearby Puna communities. The area of the flow on October 20, 2014, at 1:00 PM is shown in pink, while widening and advancement of the flow as mapped on October 22 at 1:50 PM is shown in red. While breakouts were scattered across the leading 2 km (1.2 mi) of the flow, most surface activity was within the leading 700 m (765 yd). A few tiny breakouts were also still active about mid-way along the length of the flow where lava first entered the crack system. The black dots mark the flow front on specific dates.

The blue lines show steepest-descent paths calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM; for calculation details, see http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/). Steepest-descent path analysis is based on the assumption that the DEM perfectly represents the earth's surface. DEMs, however, are not perfect, so the blue lines on this map can be used to infer only approximate flow paths. (see large map)

This map uses a satellite image acquired in March 2014 (provided by Digital Globe) as a base to show the area around the front of the June 27th lava flow. The area of the flow on October 20, 2014, at 1:00 PM is shown in pink, while widening and advancement of the flow as mapped on October 22 at 1:50 PM is shown in red.

Today, the June 27th flow was once again moving closer to Apaʻa Street. The flow front was a narrow finger, 20 to 50 m (22–55 yd) wide, traveling downslope within a gully on private land. Because the flow was quite narrow, it was advancing relatively rapidly – it went 370 m (405 yd) in the past 2 days – but it will likely slow down when it reaches more level terrain just above Apaʻa Street. When mapped from the air this afternoon, the flow was about 0.8 km (0.5 mi) upslope from the closest point along Apaʻa Street, as measured in a straight line, and about 1.0 km (0.6 mi) upslope as measured along the path of steepest-descent that the flow has been following for several weeks.

The dotted blue line shows the steepest-descent path, calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM; for calculation details, see http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/), that the flow is projected to follow. Steepest-descent path analysis is based on the assumption that the DEM perfectly represents the earth's surface. DEMs, however, are not perfect, so the dotted blue line can be used to infer only an approximate flow path. (see large map)

This small-scale map shows the June 27th lava flow in Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone in relation to lower Puna. The area of the flow on October 17, 2014, at 7:40 AM is shown in pink, while widening and advancement of the flow as mapped on October 20 at 1:00 PM is shown in red. The latitude and longitude of the flow front, which had moved no closer to Pāhoa, was 19.48277 , -154.96556 (Decimal Degrees; WGS84). All older Puʻu ʻŌʻō lava flows (1983–2014) are shown in gray; the yellow line marks the lava tube.

The blue lines show steepest-descent paths calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM; for calculation details, see http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/). Steepest-descent path analysis is based on the assumption that the DEM perfectly represents the earth's surface. DEMs, however, are not perfect, so the blue lines on this map can be used to infer only approximate flow paths. (see large map)

This large-scale map shows the distal part of the June 27th flow in relation to nearby Puna communities. The area of the flow on October 17, 2014, at 7:40 AM is shown in pink, while widening and advancement of the flow as mapped on October 20 at 1:00 PM is shown in red. Breakouts were scattered across the leading 2 km (1.2 mi) of the flow, and there were a few small breakouts mid-way along the length of the flow where lava first entered the crack system. The black dots mark the flow front on specific dates.

The blue lines show steepest-descent paths calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM; for calculation details, see http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/). Steepest-descent path analysis is based on the assumption that the DEM perfectly represents the earth's surface. DEMs, however, are not perfect, so the blue lines on this map can be used to infer only approximate flow paths. (see large map)

This map uses a satellite image acquired in March 2014 (provided by Digital Globe) as a base to show the area around the front of the June 27th lava flow. The area of the flow on October 17, 2014, at 7:40 AM is shown in pink, while widening and advancement of the flow as mapped on October 20 at 1:00 PM is shown in red. The flow front did not advance and was still about 1.1 km (0.7 mi) upslope from the closest point along Apaʻa Street (Cemetery Road), as measured in a straight line, and about 1.3 km (0.8 mi) upslope measured along the path of steepest-descent that the flow has been following.

A narrow finger has been advancing about 80 m (90 yd) per day along the southeast edge of the flow, near the front, for the past week. At that rate, the finger of lava should overtake the front in the next day or two. It will likely follow the same steepest-descent path that the flow has been following. Other breakouts upslope from the flow front have caused additional widening the flow. The flow is about 670 m (730 yd – more than 7 football fields end to end) across about 1.3 km (0.8 mi) back from the front.

The dotted blue line shows the steepest-descent path, calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM; for calculation details, see http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/), that the flow is projected to follow. Steepest-descent path analysis is based on the assumption that the DEM perfectly represents the earth's surface. DEMs, however, are not perfect, so the dotted blue line can be used to infer only an approximate flow path. (see large map)

This small-scale map shows the June 27th lava flow in Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone in relation to lower Puna. The area of the flow on October 15, 2014, at 10:30 AM is shown in pink, while widening and advancement of the flow as mapped on October 17 at 7:40 AM is shown in red. The latitude and longitude of the flow front, which was barely active at that time, was 19.48277 , -154.96556 (Decimal Degrees; WGS84). All older Puʻu ʻŌʻō lava flows (1983–2014) are shown in gray; the yellow line marks the lava tube.

The blue lines show steepest-descent paths calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM; for calculation details, see http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/). Steepest-descent path analysis is based on the assumption that the DEM perfectly represents the earth's surface. DEMs, however, are not perfect, so the blue lines on this map can be used to infer only approximate flow paths. (see large map)

This large-scale map shows the distal part of the June 27th flow in relation to nearby Puna communities. The area of the flow on October 15, 2014, at 10:30 AM is shown in pink, while widening and advancement of the flow as mapped on October 17 at 7:40 AM is shown in red. Breakouts were scattered across the leading 1.9 km (1.2 mi) of the flow, and there were a few small breakouts mid-way along the length of the flow where lava first entered the crack system. The black dots mark the flow front on specific dates.

The blue lines show steepest-descent paths calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM; for calculation details, see http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/). Steepest-descent path analysis is based on the assumption that the DEM perfectly represents the earth's surface. DEMs, however, are not perfect, so the blue lines on this map can be used to infer only approximate flow paths. (see large map)

This map uses a satellite image acquired in March 2014 (provided by Digital Globe) as a base to show the area around the front of the June 27th lava flow. The area of the flow on October 15, 2014, at 10:30 AM is shown in pink, while widening and advancement of the flow as mapped on October 17 at 7:40 AM is shown in red. The flow front advanced about 50 m (55 yd) since our October 15, 2014, overflight. The flow front is still about 1.1 km (0.7 mi) upslope from the closest point along Apaʻa Street (Cemetery Road), as measured in a straight line, and about 1.3 km (0.8 mi) measured along the path of steepest-descent that the flow has been following.

A 10-day flow projection is not included because of the very low flow advance rate over the past several days. The flow, however, could speed up again at any time (or slow down even further); it could stall, and a new active flow front could start again farther upslope; or the flow could stop altogether.

The dotted blue line shows the steepest-descent path, calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM; for calculation details, see http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/), that the flow is projected to follow. Steepest-descent path analysis is based on the assumption that the DEM perfectly represents the earth's surface. DEMs, however, are not perfect, so the dotted blue line can be used to infer only an approximate flow path. (see large map)

This small-scale map shows the June 27th lava flow in Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone in relation to lower Puna. The area of the flow on October 13, 2014, at 9:30 AM is shown in pink, while widening and advancement of the flow as mapped on October 15 at 10:30 AM is shown in red. The latitude and longitude of the flow front at that time was 19.48271, -154.96598 (Decimal Degrees; WGS84). All older Puʻu ʻŌʻō lava flows (1983–2014) are shown in gray; the yellow line marks the lava tube.

The blue lines show steepest-descent paths calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM; for calculation details, see http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/). Steepest-descent path analysis is based on the assumption that the DEM perfectly represents the earth's surface. DEMs, however, are not perfect, so the blue lines on this map can be used to infer only approximate flow paths. (see large map)

This large-scale map shows the distal part of the June 27th flow in relation to nearby Puna communities. The area of the flow on October 13, 2014, at 9:30 AM is shown in pink, while widening and advancement of the flow as mapped on October 15 at 10:30 AM is shown in red. Breakouts were mainly scattered across the leading 1.8 km (1.1 mi) of the flow, and midway along the length of the flow where lava first entered the crack system. The black dots mark the flow front on specific dates.

The blue lines show steepest-descent paths calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM; for calculation details, see http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/). Steepest-descent path analysis is based on the assumption that the DEM perfectly represents the earth's surface. DEMs, however, are not perfect, so the blue lines on this map can be used to infer only approximate flow paths. (see large map)

This map uses a satellite image acquired in March 2014 (provided by Digital Globe) as a base to show the area around the front of the June 27th lava flow. The area of the flow on October 13, 2014, at 9:30 AM is shown in pink, while widening and advancement of the flow as mapped on October 15 at 10:30 AM is shown in red. The flow front advanced about 50 m (55 yd) since our October 13, 2014, overflight. The flow front is still about 1.1 km (0.7 mi) upslope from the closest point along Apaʻa Street (Cemetery Road), as measured in a straight line, and about 1.3 km (0.8 mi) measured along the path of steepest-descent that the flow is currently following.

A 10-day flow projection is not included because of the very low flow advance rate over the past two days. The flow, however, could speed up again at any time (or slow down even further); it could stall, and a new active flow front could start again farther upslope; or the flow could stop altogether.

The dotted blue line shows the steepest-descent path, calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM; for calculation details, see http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/), that the flow is projected to follow. Steepest-descent path analysis is based on the assumption that the DEM perfectly represents the earth's surface. DEMs, however, are not perfect, so the dotted blue line can be used to infer only an approximate flow path. (see large map)

This small-scale map shows the June 27th lava flow in Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone in relation to lower Puna. The area of the flow on October 10, 2014, at 10:30 AM is shown in pink, while widening and advancement of the flow as mapped on October 13 at 9:30 AM is shown in red. The latitude and longitude of the flow front at that time was 19.48305, -154.96630 (Decimal Degrees; WGS84). All older Puʻu ʻŌʻō lava flows (1983–2014) are shown in gray; the yellow line marks the lava tube.

The blue lines show steepest-descent paths calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM; for calculation details, see http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/). Steepest-descent path analysis is based on the assumption that the DEM perfectly represents the earth's surface. DEMs, however, are not perfect, so the blue lines on this map can be used to infer only approximate flow paths. (see large map)

This large-scale map shows the distal part of the June 27th flow in relation to nearby Puna communities. The area of the flow on October 10, 2014, at 10:30 AM is shown in pink, while widening and advancement of the flow as mapped on October 13 at 9:30 AM is shown in red. Breakouts were mainly scattered across the leading 2.1 km (1.3 mi) of the flow, and midway along the length of the flow where lava first entered the crack system. A few other small breakouts were active along the flow between these two main areas of activity. The black dots mark the flow front on specific dates.

The blue lines show steepest-descent paths calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM; for calculation details, see http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/). Steepest-descent path analysis is based on the assumption that the DEM perfectly represents the earth's surface. DEMs, however, are not perfect, so the blue lines on this map can be used to infer only approximate flow paths. (see large map)

This map uses a satellite image acquired in March 2014 (provided by Digital Globe) as a base to show the area around the front of the June 27th lava flow. The area of the flow on October 10, 2014, at 10:30 AM is shown in pink, while widening and advancement of the flow as mapped on October 13 at 9:30 AM is shown in red. The flow front advanced about 220 m (240 yd) since our October 10, 2014, overflight. This puts the flow front about 1.1 km (0.7 mi) upslope from the closest point along Apaʻa Street (Cemetery Road), as measured in a straight line, or about 1.4 km (0.9 mi) measured along the path of steepest-descent that the flow is currently following.

The solid blue line with the arrowhead shows the projected path of the flow over the next 10 days (to October 23), based on the steepest-descent path and the average advance rate of 74 m/day (81 yd/day) calculated for the period since October 6. The amount of lava erupted from the June 27th vent, and the advance rate of the resulting lava flow, have been variable. The flow could speed up or slow down; the flow front could stall again, and a new active flow front could start again farther upslope; or the flow could stop altogether. Thus, this projection is subject to change.

The dotted blue line shows the steepest-descent path, calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM; for calculation details, see http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/), that the flow is projected to follow. Steepest-descent path analysis is based on the assumption that the DEM perfectly represents the earth's surface. DEMs, however, are not perfect, so the dotted blue line can be used to infer only an approximate flow path. (see large map)

This small-scale map shows the June 27th lava flow in Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone in relation to lower Puna. The area of the flow on October 8, 2014, at 10:20 AM is shown in pink, while widening and advancement of the flow as mapped on October 10 at 10:30 AM is shown in red. The latitude and longitude of the flow front at that time was 19.48188, -154.96789 (Decimal Degrees; WGS84). All older Puʻu ʻŌʻō lava flows (1983–2014) are shown in gray; the yellow line marks the lava tube. Changes to the flow field are barely visible at this scale.

The blue lines show steepest-descent paths calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM; for calculation details, see http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/). Steepest-descent path analysis is based on the assumption that the DEM perfectly represents the earth's surface. DEMs, however, are not perfect, so the blue lines on this map can be used to infer only approximate flow paths. (see large map)

This large-scale map shows the distal part of the June 27th flow in relation to nearby Puna communities. The area of the flow on October 8, 2014, at 10:20 AM is shown in pink, while widening and advancement of the flow as mapped on October 10 at 10:30 AM is shown in red. Breakouts were mainly scattered across the leading 1.5 km (1 mi) of the flow, and midway along the length of the flow where lava first entered the crack system. A few other breakouts were active on the surface within the crack system. The black dots mark the flow front on specific dates. Most of the changes to the flow margins just upslope from the flow front are due to more precise mapping today, rather than actual flow widening. The overall activity level was relatively low.

The blue lines show steepest-descent paths calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM; for calculation details, see http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/). Steepest-descent path analysis is based on the assumption that the DEM perfectly represents the earth's surface. DEMs, however, are not perfect, so the blue lines on this map can be used to infer only approximate flow paths. (see large map)

This map uses a satellite image acquired in March 2014 (provided by Digital Globe) as a base to show the area around the front of the June 27th lava flow. The area of the flow on October 8, 2014, at 10:20 AM is shown in pink, while widening and advancement of the flow as mapped on October 10 at 10:30 AM is shown in red. Most of the changes to the flow margins just upslope from the flow front are due to more precise mapping today, rather than actual flow widening. The flow front advanced about 115 m (126 yd) since our October 8, 2014, overflight. This puts the flow front about 1.3 km (0.8 mi) upslope from the closest point along Apaʻa Street, as measured in a straight line, or about 1.6 km (1.0 mi) measured along the projected path of steepest-descent.

The solid blue line with the arrowhead shows the projected path of the flow over the next 10 days (to October 20), based on the steepest-descent path and the average advance rate of 86 m/day (94 yd/day) calculated for the period since October 3. The amount of lava erupted from the June 27th vent, and the advance rate of the resulting lava flow, have been variable. The flow could speed up or slow down; the flow front could stall again, and a new active flow front could start again farther upslope; or the flow could stop altogether. Thus, this projection is subject to change.

The dotted blue line shows the steepest-descent path, calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM; for calculation details, see http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/), that the flow is projected to follow. Steepest-descent path analysis is based on the assumption that the DEM perfectly represents the earth's surface. DEMs, however, are not perfect, so the dotted blue line can be used to infer only an approximate flow path. (see large map)

This small-scale map shows the June 27th lava flow in Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone in relation to lower Puna. The area of the flow on October 6, 2014, at 12:15 PM is shown in pink, while advancement of the flow as mapped on October 8 at 10:20 AM is shown in red. The latitude and longitude of the flow front at that time was 19.48107, -154.96857 (Decimal degrees; WGS84). All older Puʻu ʻŌʻō lava flows (1983–2014) are shown in gray; the yellow line marks the lava tube.

The blue lines show steepest-descent paths calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM; for calculation details, see http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/). Steepest-descent path analysis is based on the assumption that the DEM perfectly represents the earth's surface. DEMs, however, are not perfect, so the blue lines on this map indicate approximate flow path directions. (see large map)

This large-scale map shows the distal part of the June 27th flow in relation to nearby Puna communities. The area of the flow on October 6 at 12:15 PM is shown in pink, while advancement of the flow as mapped on October 8 at 10:20 AM is shown in red. Breakouts were mainly scattered across the leading edge of the flow. A few other breakouts were active on the surface within the crack system. The black dots mark the flow front on specific dates.

The blue lines show steepest-descent paths calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM; for calculation details, see http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/). Steepest-descent path analysis is based on the assumption that the DEM perfectly represents the earth's surface. DEMs, however, are not perfect, so the blue lines on this map indicate approximate flow path directions. (see large map)

This map uses a satellite image acquired in March 2014 (provided by Digital Globe) as a base to show the area around the front of the June 27th lava flow. The area of the flow on October 6, 2014, at 12:15 AM is shown in pink, while widening and advancement of the flow as mapped on October 8 at 10:20 PM is shown in red. The flow front advanced about 200 m (220 yd) since our October 6, 2014, overflight. This puts the flow front about 1.7 km (1.1 mi) upslope from Apaʻa Street, as measured along the path of steepest-descent.

The solid blue line with the arrowhead shows the projected path of the flow over the next 10 days (to October 16), based on the steepest-descent path and the average advance rate of 120 m/day (130 yd/day) achieved since September 29. The amount of lava erupted from the June 27th vent, and the advance rate of the resulting lava flow, have been variable. The flow could speed up or slow down; the flow front could stall again, and a new active flow front could start again farther upslope; or the flow could stop altogether. Thus, this projection is subject to change.

The dotted blue line shows the steepest-descent path, calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM; for calculation details, see http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/), that the flow is projected to follow. Steepest-descent path analysis is based on the assumption that the DEM perfectly represents the earth's surface. DEMs, however, are not perfect, so the dotted blue line indicates an approximate flow path direction. (see large map)

This small-scale map shows the June 27th lava flow in Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone in relation to lower Puna. The area of the flow on October 3, 2014, at 9:20 AM is shown in pink, while widening and advancement of the flow as mapped on October 6 at 12:15 PM is shown in red. The latitude and longitude of the flow front at that time was 19.48026, -154.97030 (Decimal degrees; WGS84). All older Puʻu ʻŌʻō lava flows (1983–2014) are shown in gray; the yellow line marks the lava tube.

The blue lines show steepest-descent paths calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM; for calculation details, see http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/). Steepest-descent path analysis is based on the assumption that the DEM perfectly represents the earth's surface. DEMs, however, are not perfect, so the blue lines on this map indicate approximate flow path directions. (see large map)

This large-scale map shows the distal part of the June 27th flow in relation to nearby Puna communities. The area of the flow on October 3, 2014, at 9:20 AM is shown in pink, while widening and advancement of the flow as mapped on October 6 at 12:15 PM is shown in red. Breakouts were mainly scattered across the leading 1.5 km (1 mi) of the flow, and midway along the length of the flow where lava first entered the crack system. A few other breakouts were active on the surface within the crack system. The black dots mark the flow front on specific dates.

The blue lines show steepest-descent paths calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM; for calculation details, see http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/). Steepest-descent path analysis is based on the assumption that the DEM perfectly represents the earth's surface. DEMs, however, are not perfect, so the blue lines on this map indicate approximate flow path directions. (see large map)

This map uses a satellite image acquired in March 2014 (provided by Digital Globe) as a base to show the area around the front of the June 27th lava flow. The area of the flow on October 3, 2014, at 9:20 AM is shown in pink, while widening and advancement of the flow as mapped on October 6 at 12:15 PM is shown in red. The flow front advanced about 360 m (390 yd) since our October 3, 2014, overflight. This puts the flow front about 1.7 km (1.1 mi) directly upslope from Apaʻa Street. The distance is 1.9 km (1.2 mi) when measured along the path of steepest-descent.

The blue line and arrowhead shows the projected path of the flow over the next 10 days (to October 16), based on the steepest-descent path and the average advance rate of 120 m/day (130 yd/day) achieved since October 3. This projection is subject to change because the amount of lava erupted from the June 27th vent, and the advance rate of the resulting lava flow, have been variable. The flow could speed up or slow down; the flow front could stall again, and a new active flow front could start again farther upslope; or the flow could stop altogether. (see large map)

This small-scale map shows the June 27th flow in Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone in relation to lower Puna. The area of the flow on October 01 at 09:40 AM is shown in pink and the flow as mapped on October 03 at 09:20 AM is shown in red. The latitude and longitude of the flow front at that time was 19.47775, -154.97252 (Decimal degrees; WGS84).

Small breakouts, comprised of Pāhoehoe toes and lobes, were scattered across the leading edge of the flow. The flow front has advanced 270 m (295 yards) since our Oct 1, 2014 over flight. The northern lobe is inactive as of today. Several breakouts were also active along the margin of the flow upslope of the leading edge and midway along the length of the flow near where lava first entered the crack system.

The blue lines show down-slope paths calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM). For an explanation of down-slope path calculations, see: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/. Down-slope path analysis is based on the assumption that the DEM perfectly represents the earth's surface. DEMs, however, are not perfect, so the blue lines on this map indicate approximate flow path directions. All older Puʻu ʻŌʻō lava flows (1983–2014) are shown in gray; the yellow line marks the lava tube. (see large map)

This large-scale map shows the distal part of the June 27th flow in relation to nearby Puna communities. The black dots mark the flow front on specific dates. Small breakouts were scattered across the leading edge of the flow today. Lava continues to advance downslope and extended the front by about 270 m (295 yards) since our October 1, 2014 over flight. Several breakouts were also active along the margin of the flow upslope of the leading edge and midway along the length of the flow near where lava first entered the crack system.

The blue lines show down-slope paths calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM; for calculation details, see http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/). Down-slope path analysis is based on the assumption that the DEM perfectly represents the earth's surface. DEMs, however, are not perfect, so the blue lines on this map indicate approximate flow path directions. (see large map)

This map uses a satellite image acquired in March 2014 (provided by Digital Globe) as a base to show the area around the front of the June 27th lava flow. Surface activity comprised of Pāhoehoe toes and lobes were scattered across the leading edge of the flow. Lava continued to advance downslope and extended the front by about 270 m (295 yards) since Wednesday, October 1, 2014. (see large map)

This small-scale map shows the June 27th flow in Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone in relation to lower Puna. The area of the flow on September 29 at 10:30 AM is shown in pink, while widening and advancement of the flow as mapped on October 01 at 09:40 AM is shown in red. The latitude and longitude of the flow front at that time was 19.47701, -154.97528 (Decimal degrees; WGS84).

Small breakouts were still scattered across the surface of the flow upslope from the front. The closest surface activity to Pāhoa is a breakout upslope of the stalled front that has now overtaken and extended the front by about 30 m (33 yards). Several breakouts were also active midway along the length of the flow near where lava first entered the crack system.

The blue lines show down-slope paths calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM). For an explanation of down-slope path calculations, see: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/. Down-slope path analysis is based on the assumption that the DEM perfectly represents the earth's surface. DEMs, however, are not perfect, so the blue lines on this map indicate approximate flow path directions. All older Puʻu ʻŌʻō lava flows (1983–2014) are shown in gray; the yellow line marks the lava tube (see large map)

This large-scale map shows the distal part of the June 27th flow in relation to nearby Puna communities. The black dots mark the flow front on specific dates. Small breakouts were still scattered across the surface of the flow upslope from the front. A breakout upslope of the stalled front has now overtaken and extended the front by about 30 m (33 yards). Several breakouts were also active midway along the length of the flow near where lava first entered the crack system.

The blue lines show down-slope paths calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM; for calculation details, see http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/). Down-slope path analysis is based on the assumption that the DEM perfectly represents the earth's surface. DEMs, however, are not perfect, so the blue lines on this map indicate approximate flow path directions. (see large map)

This map uses a satellite image acquired in March 2014 (provided by Digital Globe) as a base to show the area around the front of the June 27th lava flow. Surface activity near the flow front was advancing slowly northeast in two lobes. The active lobe farthest from the vent (the closest to Pāhoa) has now overtaken the stalled front and extended it by about 30 m (33 yards). It traveled about 150 m (273 yards) since Monday, September 29. A second lobe was about 450 m (492 yards) back from the stalled front, and it moved only about 140 m (153 yards) since Monday. (see large map)

This small-scale map shows the June 27th flow in Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone in relation to lower Puna. The area of the flow on September 26, 2014, at 11:15 AM is shown in pink, while widening and advancement of the flow as mapped on September 29 at 10:30 AM is shown in red. The latitude and longitude of the flow front at that time was 19.47634, -154.97677 (Decimal degrees; WGS84).

The distal tip of the flow was inactive, but small breakouts were scattered across the surface of the flow upslope from the stalled front. The closest surface activity to Pāhoa was about 125 m (137 yards) behind the stalled front. Several breakouts were also active midway along the length of the flow near where lava first entered the crack system.

The blue lines show down-slope paths calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM). For an explanation of down-slope path calculations, see: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/. Down-slope path analysis is based on the assumption that the DEM perfectly represents the earth's surface. DEMs, however, are not perfect, so the blue lines on this map indicate approximate flow path directions. All older Puʻu ʻŌʻō lava flows (1983–2014) are shown in gray; the yellow line marks the lava tube. (see large map)

This large-scale map shows the distal part of the June 27th flow in relation to nearby Puna communities. The black dots mark the flow front on specific dates. Small breakouts were scattered across the surface of the flow upslope from the stalled front. Several breakouts were also active midway along the length of the flow near where lava first entered the crack system.

The blue lines show down-slope paths calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM; for calculation details, see http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/). Down-slope path analysis is based on the assumption that the DEM perfectly represents the earth's surface. DEMs, however, are not perfect, so the blue lines on this map indicate approximate flow path directions. (see large map)

This map uses a satellite image acquired in March 2014 (provided by Digital Globe) as a base to show the area around the front of the June 27th lava flow. Surface activity near the flow front was advancing slowly northeast in two lobes. The lobe farthest from the vent (the closest to Pāhoa) was about 125 m (137 yards) behind the stalled flow front. It traveled about 80 m (87 yards) since Friday, September 26. A second lobe was about 580 m (634 yards) back from the stalled front, and it moved only about 65 m (71 yards) since Friday. (see large map)

This small-scale map shows the June 27th flow in Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone in relation to lower Puna. The area of the flow on September 24, 2014, at 10:45 AM is shown in pink, while widening and advancement of the flow as mapped on September 26 at 11:15 AM is shown in red. The distal tip of the flow was inactive, but small breakouts were scattered across the surface of the flow upslope from the stalled front. The most substantial breakouts were on top of a pad of lava within the crack system about 5 km (3 miles) back from the stalled front, and midway along the length of the flow just upslope from where lava first entered the crack system.

The blue lines show down-slope paths calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM). For an explanation of down-slope path calculations, see: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/. Down-slope path analysis is based on the assumption that the DEM perfectly represents the earth's surface. DEMs, however, are not perfect, so the blue lines on this map indicate approximate flow path directions. All older Puʻu ʻŌʻō lava flows (1983–2014) are shown in gray; the yellow line marks the lava tube. (see large map)

This large-scale map shows the distal part of the June 27th flow in relation to nearby Puna communities. The black dots mark the flow front on specific dates. The most vigorous breakouts were on top of a pad of lava within the crack system about 5 km (3 miles) back from the stalled front, and midway along the length of the flow just upslope from where lava first entered the crack system.

The blue lines show down-slope paths calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM; for calculation details, see http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/). Down-slope path analysis is based on the assumption that the DEM perfectly represents the earth's surface. DEMs, however, are not perfect, so the blue lines on this map indicate approximate flow path directions. (see large map)

This map uses satellite imagery acquired in March 2014 (provided by Digital Globe) as a base image to show the area around the front of the June 27th lava flow. The flow front closest to the transfer station was inactive, but small, sluggish breakouts were scattered across the surface of the flow upslope from the stalled front. None of these breakouts near the stalled front was advancing significantly. (see large map)

This small-scale map shows the June 27th flow in Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone in relation to lower Puna. The area of the flow on September 19, 2014, at 11:45 AM is shown in pink, while widening and advancement of the flow as mapped on September 24 at 10:45 AM is shown in red. The distal tip of the flow was inactive, but small breakouts were scattered across the surface of the flow from just behind the front to about 4 km (2.5 miles) upslope. The most active of these breakouts was advancing northeast from the north edge of the flow about 750 m (820 yards) back from the stalled front, but was fairly weak. It was 15.7 km (9.8 miles) straight-line distance from the vent.

The blue lines show down-slope paths calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM). For an explanation of down-slope path calculations, see: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/. Down-slope path analysis is based on the assumption that the DEM perfectly represents the earth's surface. DEMs, however, are not perfect, so the blue lines on this map indicate approximate flow path directions. All older Puʻu ʻŌʻō lava flows (1983–2014) are shown in gray; the yellow line marks the lava tube. (see large map)

This large-scale map shows the distal part of the June 27th flow in relation to nearby Puna communities. The black dots mark the flow front on specific dates. The latitude and longitude of the most-active, slowly advancing breakout on September 24 was 19.473080, -154.981264 (Decimal degrees; WGS84).

The blue lines show down-slope paths calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM; for calculation details, see http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/). Down-slope path analysis is based on the assumption that the DEM perfectly represents the earth's surface. DEMs, however, are not perfect, so the blue lines on this map indicate approximate flow path directions. (see large map)

This map uses satellite imagery acquired in March 2014 (provided by Digital Globe) as a base image to show the area around the front of the June 27th lava flow. The flow front closest to the transfer station was inactive, but small, sluggish breakouts were scattered across the surface of the flow upslope from the stalled front. The most active breakout was advancing northeast from the north margin of the flow. Because the flow has not been advancing at its leading edge, we do not project its advance at this time. (see large map)

This small-scale map shows the June 27th flow in Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone in relation to lower Puna. The area of the flow on September 17, 2014, at 3:45 PM is shown in pink, while widening and advancement of the flow as mapped on September 19 at 11:45 AM is shown in red. The front of the active flow was 16.4 km (10.2 miles; straight-line distance) from the vent and 2.4 km (1.5 miles) upslope from Cemetery Road. The actual length of the flow, measured along the lava tube axis (so that bends in the flow are considered) was 18.7 km (11.6 miles).

The blue lines show down-slope paths calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM). For an explanation of down-slope path calculations, see: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/. Down-slope path analysis is based on the assumption that the DEM perfectly represents the earth's surface. DEMs, however, are not perfect, so the blue lines on this map indicate approximate flow path directions. The purple arrow shows a short term projection of flow direction based on topography. All older Puʻu ʻŌʻō lava flows (1983–2014) are shown in gray; the yellow line marks the lava tube. (see large map)

This large-scale map shows the distal part of the June 27th flow in relation to nearby Puna communities. The black dots mark the flow front on specific dates. The latitude and longitude of the flow front on September 19 was 19.47593/-154.975505 (Decimal degrees; WGS84). The blue lines show down-slope paths calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM; for calculation details, see http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/). Down-slope path analysis is based on the assumption that the DEM perfectly represents the earth's surface. DEMs, however, are not perfect, so the blue lines on this map indicate approximate flow path directions. The purple arrow shows a short term projection of flow direction based on topography (see large map)

This map uses satellite imagery acquired in March 2014 as a base image to show the area around the front of the June 27th lava flow. The blue line and arrowheads show the projected path of the flow over the next two weeks (to October 3), based on the average flow rate over the last two days and the local topography. Lava flow behavior is complex and this projection is subject to change. Satellite image provided by Digital Globe. (see large map)

This small-scale map shows the June 27th flow in Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone in relation to lower Puna. The area of the flow on September 15, 2014, at 2:00 PM is shown in pink, while advancement of the flow as mapped on September 17 at 3:45 PM is shown in red. The front of the active flow was 16.0 km (10 miles; straight-line distance) from the vent and had crossed the Wao Kele o Puna Forest Reserve boundary into the vacant northwest corner of Kaohe Homesteads. The flow front was advancing toward the northeast and was 3.76 km (2.3 miles) upslope from Pāhoa Village Road. The actual length of the flow, measured along the lava tube axis (so that bends in the flow are considered) is 18.2 km (11.3 miles). The blue lines show down-slope paths calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM). For an explanation of down-slope path calculations, see: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/. Down-slope path analysis is based on the assumption that the digital elevation model (DEM) perfectly represents the earth's surface. But, DEMs are not perfect, so the blue lines on this map indicate approximate flow path directions. The purple arrow shows a short term projection of flow direction based on the flow behavior over the past several days and the local topography. All older Puʻu ʻŌʻō lava flows (1983–2014) are shown in gray; the yellow line marks the lava tube. (see large map)

This large-scale map shows the distal part of the June 27th flow in relation to nearby Puna communities. The black dots mark the flow front on specific dates. The latitude and longitude of the flow front on September 17 was 19.4737016 /-154.977834 (Decimal degrees; WGS84). The blue lines show down-slope paths calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM; for calculation details, see http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/). Down-slope path analysis is based on the assumption that the digital elevation model (DEM) perfectly represents the earth's surface. But, DEMs are not perfect, so the blue lines on this map indicate approximate flow path directions. The purple arrow shows a short term projection of flow direction based on the flow behavior over the past several days and the local topography. (see large map)

This map uses a satellite image acquired in March 2014 as a base image to show the area around the front of the June 27th lava flow. The purple arrows show the projected path of the flow over the coming two weeks, based on the current flow activity and local topography. Lava flow behavior is complex and this projection is subject to change. Satellite image provided by Digital Globe. (see large map)

This small-scale map shows the June 27th flow in Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone in relation to lower Puna. The area of the flow on September 12, 2014, at 12:30 PM is shown in pink, while widening and advancement of the flow as mapped on September 15 at 2:00 PM is shown in red. The front of the active flow was 15.5 km (9.6 miles; straight-line distance) from the vent and had crossed the Wao Kele o Puna Forest Reserve boundary into the vacant northwest corner of Kaohe Homesteads. The flow front was advancing toward the northeast and was 4.3 km (2.7 miles) upslope from Pāhoa Village Road. The actual length of the flow, measured along the lava tube axis (so that bends in the flow are considered) is 17.7 km (11.0 miles). The blue lines show down-slope paths calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM). For an explanation of down-slope path calculations, see: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/. Down-slope path analysis is based on the assumption that the digital elevation model (DEM) perfectly represents the earth's surface. But, DEMs are not perfect, so the blue lines on this map indicate approximate flow path directions. The purple arrow shows a short term projection of flow direction based on the flow behavior over the past several days and the local topography. All older Puʻu ʻŌʻō lava flows (1983–2014) are shown in gray; the yellow line marks the lava tube. (see large map)

This large-scale map shows the distal part of the June 27th flow in relation to nearby Puna communities. The black dots mark the flow front on specific dates. The latitude and longitude of the flow front on September 15 was 19.469506 /-154.981172 (Decimal degrees; WGS84). The blue lines show down-slope paths calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM; for calculation details, see http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/). Down-slope path analysis is based on the assumption that the digital elevation model (DEM) perfectly represents the earth's surface. But, DEMs are not perfect, so the blue lines on this map indicate approximate flow path directions. The purple arrow shows a short term projection of flow direction based on the flow behavior over the past several days and the local topography. (see large map)

This small-scale map shows the June 27th flow in Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone on September 12, 2014. The area of the flow on September 10, 2014, at 2:45 PM is shown in pink, while widening and advancement of the flow as mapped on September 12 at 12:30 PM is shown in red. The front of the active flow was 14.9 km (9.3 miles; straight-line distance) from the vent and 0.17 km (0.1 miles) from the east boundary of the Wao Kele o Puna Forest Reserve. The actual length of the flow, measured along the lava tube axis (so that bends in the flow are considered) is 17.1 km (10.6 miles). The flow was advancing toward the northeast. The blue lines show down-slope paths calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM). For an explanation of down-slope path calculations, see: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/. All older Puʻu ʻŌʻō lava flows (1983–2014) are shown in gray. Down-slope path analysis is based on the assumption that the digital elevation model (DEM) perfectly represents the earth's surface. But, DEMs are not perfect, so the blue lines on this map indicate approximate flow path directions. The purple arrow shows a short term projection of flow direction based on the flow behavior over the past several days and the local topography. (see large map)

This large-scale map shows the distal part of the June 27th flow in relation to nearby Puna communities. The black dots mark the flow front on specific dates. The latitude and longitude of the flow front on September 12 was 19.46388/-154.98343 (Decimal degrees; WGS84). The blue lines show down-slope paths calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM; for calculation details, see http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/). Down-slope path analysis is based on the assumption that the digital elevation model (DEM) perfectly represents the earth's surface. But, DEMs are not perfect, so the blue lines on this map indicate approximate flow path directions. The purple arrow shows a short term projection of flow direction based on the flow behavior over the past several days and the local topography. (see large map)

This shaded-relief map, with digital surface data provided by the Carnegie Airborne Observatory, shows some of the cracks, faults, and grabens (down-dropped blocks between adjacent faults; http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/glossary/?term=graben) that are present in Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone, and which have partly controlled the June 27th flow’s advance direction. The June 27th flow as of September 10, 2014, at 2:45 PM is shown in pink, while flow advance since then (as of ~12:30 PM on September 12) is shown in red. At the time of the mapping, the flow was advancing toward the northeast. (see large map)

This small-scale map shows the June 27th flow in Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone on September 10, 2014. The area of the flow on September 8, 2014, at 12:45 PM is shown in pink, while widening and advancement of the flow as mapped on September 10 at 2:45 PM is shown in red. The front of the active flow was 14.5 km (9.0 miles; straight-line distance) from the vent and 0.6 km (0.4 miles) from the east boundary of the Wao Kele o Puna Forest Reserve. The actual length of the flow, measured along the lava tube axis (so that bends in the flow are considered) is 16.6 km (10.3 miles). The flow was advancing toward the northeast. The blue lines show down-slope paths calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM). For an explanation of down-slope path calculations, see: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/. All older Puʻu ʻŌʻō lava flows (1983–2014) are shown in gray; the yellow line marks the lava tube. (see large map)

This large-scale map shows the distal part of the June 27th flow in relation to nearby Puna communities. The black dots mark the flow front on specific dates. The latitude and longitude of the flow front on September 8 was 19.460895/-154.986613 (Decimal degrees; WGS84). The blue lines show down-slope paths calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM; for calculation details, see http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/). (see large map)

This shaded-relief map, with digital surface data provided by the Carnegie Airborne Observatory, shows some of the cracks, faults, and grabens (down-dropped blocks between adjacent faults; http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/glossary/?term=graben) that are present in Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone, and which have partly controlled the June 27th flow’s advance direction. The June 27th flow as of September 8, 2014, at 12:45 PM is shown in pink, while flow advance since then (as of ~2:45 PM on September 10) is shown in red. At the time of the mapping, the flow was advancing toward the northeast. (see large map)

This small-scale map shows the June 27th flow in Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone as of September 8, 2014. The area of the flow on September 6 is shown in pink, while widening and advancement of the flow as mapped on September 8 at ~12:45 PM is shown in red. The front of the active flow was 13.7 km (8.5 miles; straight-line distance) from the vent and 1.2 km (0.7 miles) from the east boundary of the Wao Kele o Puna Forest Reserve. The flow was advancing toward the north, roughly parallel to the Forest Reserve boundary. The blue lines show down-slope paths calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM). For an explanation of down-slope path calculations, see: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/. All older Puʻu ʻŌʻō lava flows (1983–2014) are shown in gray; the yellow line marks the lava tube. (see large map)

This large-scale map shows the distal part of the June 27th flow in relation to nearby Puna communities. The area of the flow on September 6 at ~11:10 AM is shown in pink, while widening and advancement of the flow as mapped on September 8 at ~12:45 PM is shown in red. The black dots mark the flow front on specific dates. The latitude and longitude of the flow front on September 8 was 19.455405/-154.991771 (Decimal degrees; WGS84). The blue lines show down-slope paths calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM; for calculation details, see http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/). (see large map)

This shaded-relief map, courtesy of the Carnegie Airborne Observatory, shows some of the cracks, faults, and grabens (down-dropped blocks between adjacent faults; http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/glossary/?term=graben) that are present in Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone, and which have partly controlled the June 27th flow’s advance direction. The June 27th flow as of September 6 is shown in pink, while flow advance since then (as of ~12:45 PM on September 8) is partly transparent and shown in red. At the time of the mapping, the flow was advancing toward the north, and its front was at the location of the last obvious east-northeast-trending structure visible on the map. (see large map)

This small-scale map shows the June 27th flow in Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone as of September 6, 2014. The area of the flow on September 3 is shown in pink, while widening and advancement of the flow as mapped on September 6 at ~11:10 AM is shown in red. The front of the active flow was 13.2 km (8.2 miles) from the vent and 1.4 km (0.9 miles) from the east boundary of the Wao Kele o Puna Forest Reserve, and was advancing toward the north, roughly parallel to the Forest Reserve boundary. The blue lines show down-slope paths calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM). For an explanation of down-slope path calculations, see: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/. All older Puʻu ʻŌʻō lava flows (1983–2014) are shown in gray; the yellow line marks the lava tube. (see large map)

This large-scale map shows the distal part of the June 27th flow in relation to nearby Puna communities. The area of the flow on September 3 is shown in pink, while widening and advancement of the flow as mapped on September 6 at ~11:10 AM is shown in red. The black dots mark the flow front on specific dates. September 6 point Lat/Lon position: 19.448003/-154.992676 Decimal Degrees; WGS84. The blue lines show down-slope paths calculated from a 1983 digital elevation model (DEM; for calculation details, see http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1264/). (see large map)

Map of the summit area of Kīlauea showing the location of the Halemaʻumaʻu Overlook vent, and road and trail closures in response to the eruption. Kīlauea's caldera is located within Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park. (see large map)