What You Can Do to Protect Children from Environmental Risks

Listed below are tips to help protect children from environmental risks.

Keep pesticides and other toxic chemicals away from children

Store food and trash in closed containers to keep pests from coming into your home.
Use baits and traps when you can; place baits and traps where kids can't get them.
Read product labels and follow directions.
Store pesticides and toxic chemicals where kids can't reach them - never put them in other containers that kids can mistake for food or drink.
Keep children, toys, and pets away when pesticides are applied; don't let them play in fields, orchards, and gardens after pesticides have been used for at least the time recommended on the pesticide label.
Wash fruits and vegetables under running water before eating - peel them before eating, when possible.

Call 911 if the child is unconscious, having trouble breathing, or having convulsions.
Check the label for directions on how to give first aid.
Call the Poison Control Center at 1-800-222-1222 for help with first aid information.

Don't smoke and don't let others smoke in your home or car.
Keep your home as clean as possible. Dust, mold, certain household pests, secondhand smoke, and pet dander can trigger asthma attacks and allergies.
Limit outdoor activity on ozone alert days when air pollution is especially harmful.
Walk, use bicycles, join or form carpools, and take public transportation.
Limit motor vehicle idling.
Avoid open burning.

Get kids tested for lead by their doctor or health care provider.
Test your home for lead paint hazards if it was built before 1978.
Wash children's hands before they eat; wash bottles, pacifiers, and toys often.
Wash floors and window sills to protect kids from dust and peeling paint contaminated with lead - especially in older homes.
Run cold water until it becomes as cold as it can get. Use only cold water for drinking, cooking, and making baby formula.

Have fuel-burning appliances, furnace flues, and chimneys checked once a year.
Never use gas ovens or burners for heat; never use barbecues or grills indoors or in the garage.
Never sleep in rooms with unvented gas or kerosene space heaters.
Don't run cars or lawnmowers in the garage.
Install in sleeping areas a CO alarm that meets UL, IAS, or Canadian standards.

Be alert for local fish advisories and beach closings. Contact your local health department.
Take used motor oil to a recycling center; properly dispose of toxic household chemicals.
Learn what's in your drinking water - call your local public water supplier for annual drinking water quality reports; for private drinking water wells, have them tested annually by a certified laboratory. Call 1-800-426-4791 for help.

Test your home for radon with a home test kit.
Fix your home if your radon level is 4 pCi/L or higher. For help, call your state radon office or 1-800-SOS-RADON.

Wear hats, sunglasses, and protective clothing.
Use sunscreen with SPF 15+ on kids over six months; keep infants out of direct sunlight.
Limit time in the mid-day sun - the sun is most intense between 10 and 4.

Eat a balanced diet but avoid fish with high levels of mercury.
Replace mercury thermometers with digital thermometers.
Don't let kids handle or play with mercury.
Never heat or burn mercury.
Contact your state or local health or environment department if mercury is spilled - never vacuum a spill.

Spearhead a clean school bus campaign in your community. Clean School Bus USA emphasizes three ways to reduce public school bus emissions:
1. Anti-idling strategies: Unnecessary idling pollutes the air, wastes fuel, and causes excess engine wear. It also wastes money and results in the wear and tear of the vehicle's engine.
2. Engine retrofit and clean fuels: Retrofitted engines run cleaner because they have been fitted with devices designed to reduce pollution and/or use cleaner fuel.
3. Bus replacement: Older buses are not equipped with today's pollution control or safety features. Pre-1990 buses have been estimated to emit as much as six times more pollution as new buses that were built starting in 2004 and as much as 60 times more pollution as buses that meet the 2007 standards.

Develop safe routes so that children can walk to and from school, limiting vehicle use and increasing physical activity. Conduct walkability audits in your community to understand where you can and cannot walk. Children can help for a fun and educational activity. Learn more by visiting the Walk and Bike to School or Active & Safe Routes to School Web sites.

Encourage your school to use EPA's Healthy School Environments Assessment Tool (HealthySEAT). This software helps school districts evaluate and manage key environmental, safety, and health issues. HealthySEAT can be customized and used by district-level staff to conduct voluntary self assessments of their schools and other facilities and to track and manage information on environmental conditions school by school.

Promote green building. Green building considerations include:
- Careful site selection to minimize impacts on the surrounding environment and increase alternative transportation options.
- Energy and water conservation to help ensure efficient use of natural resources and lower utility bills.
- Responsible stormwater management to help limit disruption of natural watershed functions and reduce the environmental impacts of stormwater runoff.
- Improved indoor air quality through the use of low volatile organic compound products and careful ventilation practices during construction and renovation.

Use Indoor Air Quality Design Tools to create healthy school environments. Indoor air quality (IAQ) is a critically important aspect of creating and maintaining school facilities. IAQ Design Tools for Schools provides detailed guidance and links to other resources to help design new schools and repair, renovate and maintain existing facilities. IAQ Design Tools for Schools is Web-based guidance to assist school districts, architects, and facility planners design and construct the next generation of schools.

Support local smart growth activities. Smart growth is development that serves the economy, the community, and the environment. EPA helps states and communities realize the economic, community, and environmental benefits of smart growth by: Learn more about smart growth.
- Providing information, model programs, and analytical tools to inform communities about growth and development.
- Working to remove federal barriers that may hinder smarter community growth.
- Creating new resources and incentives for states and communities pursuing smart growth.

Protect children's environmental health. Children may be more vulnerable to environmental exposures than adults because:
- Their bodily systems are still developing
- They eat more, drink more, and breathe more in proportion to their body size
- Their behavior can expose them more to chemicals and organisms